Aurangzeb mughal emperor biography examples

Secondary Punjab Sr. Home » Languages » English Sr. Leave a Reply Cancel reply Your email address will not be published. Quick Links. Download Our Educational Android Apps. Hindi Sr. Letter Writing Write a letter of reply to the following advertisement in a newspaper. Aurangzeb is often remembered for his religious policies, which represented a departure from the more inclusive and tolerant practices of his predecessors.

A devout Muslim, Aurangzeb believed in upholding Islamic law as a guiding principle for governance. In addition, he implemented the Fatawa-i Alamgiria comprehensive legal code based on Islamic law, which regulated various aspects of life in the empire. Unlike his predecessors, who had sponsored Hindu temples and other non-Islamic cultural projects, Aurangzeb focused on the construction of mosques and Islamic institutions.

He banned certain cultural practices that he deemed un-Islamic, including music and dance at the court. However, despite his religious conservatism, Aurangzeb employed many Hindus in his administration, particularly in the military and bureaucracy, which suggests that his policies were not as uniformly intolerant as they are sometimes portrayed.

Aurangzeb was a diligent administrator who sought to improve the efficiency and integrity of Mughal governance. Aurangzeb personally oversaw many aspects of administration, often working long hours to review petitions and dispense justice. His dedication to administrative matters was in keeping with his broader vision of the Mughal Empire as a just Islamic state.

The Mughal treasury was increasingly burdened by the costs of maintaining a vast military and administering a far-flung empire. Aurangzeb attempted to address these issues through reforms in the taxation system, but the sheer scale of the empire made it difficult to enforce these changes uniformly. As the empire expanded, it became more difficult to maintain centralized control, and many governors began to operate with increasing independence from the imperial court.

Some of these revolts were driven by opposition to his religious policies, while others reflected broader discontent with Mughal rule. The Jats, who were primarily farmers, revolted against the heavy taxation imposed by the Mughal administration. Led by Shivaji and later his successors, the Marathas employed guerrilla tactics to resist Mughal expansion.

The constant warfare in the Deccan, combined with rebellions in other parts of the empire, had drained the treasury and weakened the central administration. The empire gradually fragmented as regional governors and local rulers asserted their independence. To some, he is remembered as a pious and capable ruler who expanded the Mughal Empire to its greatest extent.

His supporters argue that he upheld the principles of Islamic law and worked tirelessly to administer justice throughout his realm. While he undoubtedly left an indelible mark on the history of India, his reign also raises important questions about the limits of empire, the role of religion in governance, and the challenges of maintaining a vast, diverse, and multicultural state.

The Deccan troubled Aurangzeb very much. He had to spend many years there. It is said that the Deccan was an ulcer which weakened Aurangzeb. At that time there were two formidable powers in the South, the Sultanates of the Deccan and the Marathas of Western India.

Aurangzeb mughal emperor biography examples

Aurangzeb waged war against both of them at a time. Instead, he could utilize the sultans of the Deccan States against the Marathas. The two Deccan kingdoms of Golkonda and Bijapur strongly resisted the Mughals. Relations with the Ottoman Empire. Relations with the English and the Anglo-Mughal War. See also: Anglo-Mughal War — Relations with the Ethiopian Empire.

Relations with the Tibetans, Uyghurs, and Dzungars. Relations with the Czardom of Russia. Mughal—Maratha Wars. Main article: Mughal—Maratha Wars. See also: Maratha Empire. Aurangzeb leads his final expeditionleading an army oftroops. See also: Tomb of Aurangzeb. While formally declaring the state to be an Islamic one, showing respect to the shariaand observing its injunctions in his personal life, he did not reject any of the liberal measures of Akbar.

Shah Jahan's compromise was based not on principle but on expediency. See the article on Sarmad Kashani for references. ASI Aurangabad. Archived from the original PDF on 23 September Retrieved 21 March Retrieved 10 July Encyclopaedia Of Manipur 3 Vol. Gyan Publishing House. ISBN Retrieved 20 March Ancient Pakistan. Department of Archaeology, University of Peshawar : ISSN In gold there is no more type.

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Stanford University Press. Univ of California Press. Negate Fighting Faith. The Cambridge History of Islam. Ikram ; Ainslie T. Embree Muslim Civilization in India Ebook. Columbia University Press. Retrieved 25 November Aurangzeb was most forthright in his efforts to stop sati. According to Manucci, on his return from Kashmir in December,he "issued an order that in all lands under Mughal control, never again should the officials allow a woman to be burnt.

As Ovington says in his Voyage to Surat: "Since the Mahometans became Masters of the Indies, this execrable custom is much abated, and almost laid aside, by the orders which nabobs receive for suppressing and extinguishing it in all their provinces. National Archives of India. Har-Anand Publications Pvt Ltd. Retrieved 24 October Although Aurangzeb had not raised the slogan of defending Islam before the battle of Samugarh with Dara, and had tried to befriend the Rajput rajas as we have seen, there were a number of factors which make it necessary for Aurangzeb to present himself as the defender of the sharia, and to try and win aurangzeb mughal emperor biography examples the theologians.

A principal factor was the popular revulsion against his treatment of his brothers, Murad and Dara, both of whom had the reputation of being liberal patrons of the poor and needy. Aurangzeb was shocked when as the time of his second coronation inthe chief qazi refused to crown him since his father was still alive. More importantly, though, the fact that Aurangzeb did not order a universal ban on music lends support to the idea that his regime was less intolerant and repressive than has been widely believed in the past University of Michigan.

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He also generously donated jagirs to many temples to win the sympathies of the people Also there are firmans supporting other temples and gurudwaras in north India. Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. Vaishnava Accounts of the Krishna images' Exodus from Braj". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society. Journal of Islamic Studies. Nine years later, the emperor ordered the destruction of several prominent temples in Rajasthan that had become associated with imperial enemies.

These included temples in Khandela Udaipur and Chitor. Aligarh University. Chennai, India. Archived from the original PDF on 6 January A History of State and Religion in India. Stanford: Stanford University Press. New Delhi: Asian Educational Services. Developing cultures: case studies. Translated by Sarkar, Sir Jadunath. Calcutta: Royal Asiatic Society of Bengal.

In former times the sacred Quaranic credo Kalma used to be stamped on gold and silver coins, and such coins were constantly touched with the hands and feet of men; Aurangzib said that it would be better to stamp some other words The Emperor liked it [the couplet] and ordered that one face Arnold, David ed. A History of India 2nd ed. Blackwell Publishers.

University of Chicago Press. Sterling Publishers. Gateway to Sikhism. Archived from the original on 27 March Retrieved 28 October Martyrdom in Islam. Brill: — Bernier reported that the emperor Aurangzeb inspected his contingents of cavalry every day. During these inspections, "the King takes pleasure also in having the blades of cutlasses tried on dead sheep, brought before him without the entrails and neatly bound up.

Young Omrahs, Mansebdars and Gourze-berdars or mace bearers, exercise their skill and put forth all their strength to cut through the four feet, which are fastened together, and the body of the sheep at one blow. Rediscovery of Ladakh. Indus Publishing. Shayista Khan A strategic outpost, Chittagong would remain the principal commercial port of call before entering the waters of the delta.

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