Colonel muammar gaddafi biography pdf

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Need an account? Click here to sign up. Abstract This work aims to offer an approach to the legacy of Muammar Gaddafi as one of the most significant political figures for the modern history of Libya, and as one of the most influential regional leaders. Key words: Gaddafi, modern Libya, Libyan human development, intellectual legacy Introduction Throughout the second half of the 20th and beginning of the 21st century, different investigations have been carried out regarding the character of Muammar Gaddafi from the optics of the social sciences in order to objectively get an approach to understand the actions carried out as a State leader as well as its impact at domestic and regional level.

Beyond that, Gaddafi stood out as a polemic and popular political figure for several reasons that maintain an asymmetrical relationship with each other, on the one hand, seen as a solid and authoritarian presence at the State level in the region, with political ideals characteristic of a bipolarized global context, playing an important role as balance of power in the region; on the other hand, because of its frequent scandals regarding the systematic violations of human rights in Libya, and its participation as a sponsor of violence acts at State level and abroad.

In a paralel way, there is an asymmetric relationship between the figure of Gaddafi as a philanthropist, billionaire, and as a leader of a state that officially enjoyed privileged positions in terms of economic and social development with respect to the Middle East and Africa; moreover, although in a lesser known facet, Gaddafi aroused interest thanks to the impact of his written intellectual work political and literary material.

The Colonel Muammar Gaddafi ruled Libya between September the 1st of and October the 20th ofsame date of his death during an ambush in Sirte. He was born in a bedouin tent in Qasr Abu Hadi Sirte Districtin a high marked traditional environment and belonging to the Qaddafa ethnic group1, so his education was in constant touch with religious rhetoric and therefore, under the traditional Libyan ethnic environment and Islamic rules.

The figure that Gaddafi represented remained relevant at domestic and regional history so as Libyan international dynamics, moreover, at economic and social impact. Muammar Gaddafi is one of the most representative characters in Libya and northern Africa, and at the same time, one of the most polemic leaders of the 2nd half of the 20th Century and the first decade of the 21st, because of his influential participation in political and economic spheres in Africa as well as in the Middle East.

The first approach to Gaddafi's legacy is based on what we consider the angle of study with the highest impact on mass media and scientific dissemination, Gaddafi's legacy at State level, sponsor of violent acts and State terrorism, and the impact it has had on the internal and external dynamics of the country. This first approach identifies the legacy of Gaddafi as the consequence of a historical period that deeply marked the Libyan population through systematic violations of human rights, which recognizes a negative impact on Libyan society that has been evidenced over decades of abuses and authoritarianism in Libya; and therefore, it is an angle difficult to ignore when studying the legacy of Gaddafi, where critical studies on terrorism2 will be highlighted.

On behalf a second approach a reflection will be offered on Gaddafi's legacy from a social scope as well as its impact on the Libyan population, where some indicators of social development are analyzed according to the World Bank and the United Nations. His intellectual legacy that expose another side of Gaddafi, his personal life, culture, priorities, identity and inner conflicts.

The impact of his intellectual work not only presented as political, economic and social guidelines in Libya, but also beyond borders emerging as regional model; showing special interest in a African continental Union. The three study angles previously mentioned with respect to Gaddafi's legacy were recognized from a macro-micro perspective structured in a pyramidal manner through a transversal analysis, where the first two approaches were difficult to ignore when studying Gaddafi's legacy.

In other words, an example of approach is offered, from the point of view of the State and social levels, so as an original study regarding the intellectual legacy of Gaddafi and the manifestation of internal conflicts and cross-identities which are exposed in his tales and stories. Through this work, it is expected to maintain a greater understanding of Gaddafi's legacy and its impact at state and social levels, likewise, it is expected to have contributed with new and measurable information regarding the study of the intellectual and literary legacy of Gaddafi.

Its relevant, on one hand, because it is at State level where the decisions were made through policies that impacted at domestic level, marking social and economic guidelines, at the same time, directly impacting the decision-making at the regional level, consummating its position in a meaningful way assuming the presidency of the African Union ; on the other hand, it is precisely at state level that stands out in mass media and that is largely recognized, in part because of its impact at the international level, linked to violent and hostile attacks before the international community.

The legacy of Gaddafi analyzed at state level can be observed as a historical moment of national and regional transition, where state terrorism and the violation of human rights turned out to be a constant in Libya, remaining the state in an authoritarian and unilateral relation towards Libyan population, and hostile towards international community.

The concept of terrorism has been tried to define throughout the second half of the 20th Century, on one hand, it has been a complicated concept to analyze, making an effort to clarify certain conflicts around the term, and on the other hand, making front to new and emerging problems after the Cold War The concept has been sophisticated and complex, remaining as a limitless term of defining, moreover, the studies that approach to the concept of terrorism, as well as the analyzes of conjuncture in this respect, have caused extensive debates to define the nature and pertinent approaches, which somehow, turns the term into a concept immersed in subjectivity6.

Although, it is possible to recognize that, at a considerable level, the concept is defined as the set of criminal acts carried out on the civilian population, in other words, that the concept of terrorism is generally linked, as a criminal and violent form, which frequently carries immersed objectives that go beyond the violent act itself.

From a general point of view, we can recognize that not all armed conflicts manifest the use of activities involved with terrorism or their meanings, however the concept of terrorism remains, in an integral way, in several cases with respect to contemporary armed conflicts, both, at domestic and regional levels, so it is possible to be studyed from the perspective of the use of violence7.

In this sense, we can identify two common and essential although not unique elements towards the concept are, on one side, the use of violence physical or psychological and, on the other side, the rising fear levels; however, it is not always preceded by the threat of using violence alone, and is not enough to be considered within the scope of the term8.

The concept have been changing and modifying according to the political, economic or social context of the area; furthermore, over the last three decades of the 20th Century, there was a gradual shift from secular socio-political terrorism to ethno-political and religious or quasi-religious terrorism, or to some combination of both.

Nevertheless, important ideological parallels can be drawn between new transnational violent networks and old localized conflict-related terrorism, especially in the case of Islamist terrorism branch. This well-known facet of Gaddafi is the most widely adjusted in the field of mass media, and usually responds in a partial scope the question of who Gaddafi was, so as the colonel muammar gaddafi biography pdf of his violent acts at domestic and foreign levels In a general overview of the events related to Gaddafi and fear logistics, he on one hand, spending a multimillion dollar sum in the purchase of weapons for purposes of domestic security from the USSR, such as heavy artillery, air force, logistic, and intelligence advises; on the other hand, it was posible to hesitate about the possibility to acquire weapons of mass destruction, from the People's Republic of China in the s; but it was not until the s that the colonel muammar gaddafi biography pdf community discovered in Pakistan a transaction for million dollars for the construction of weapons of mass destruction.

Not only the violent actions itself pursued by Gaddafi and his excutive and security service what makes him a relevant figure, but the impact in international geopolitics and his participation in the global political game, at both, domestic and regional levels, so as its consequences with respect to the Libyan foreign affairs, and his personal life that inevitably impacted directly on the Libyan population.

Muammar Gaddafi deeply influenced the behavior of social, military and political movements that were present in European, African and Middle Eastern countries; furthermore, his actions gave way to a new vision of Islamic socialism and political organization in Africa This particular and striking way of life and rule exposed his unilateral system in the field of foreign policy as constantly linked to their personal interests; Gaddafi turned out to be a force for containment and power balance during the Cold War period and post Cold War.

This would need to change to make a successful transition This culture of exclusion is starting to re-emerge in the post- revolution period. The political legacy of Gaddafi exposes, on the one hand, the transition, restructuring and internal institutional development, that in parallel, increased the participation and national influence in the regional political and economic dynamics; on the other hand, it exposes a State immersed in codependent relationships towards the international framework, partly due to internal corruption, mismanagement and waste by the unilateral administration that Gaddafi implemented, opening the way for a vulnerable and divided civil society that went through a long period of violence and systematic violations of their human rights.

Colonel muammar gaddafi biography pdf

The use of violence as a tool marked the political legacy of Gaddafi, as well as the Libyan population and international affected. Although, the legacy of Gaddafi analyzed from a social development perspective is extremely complicated to observe, however, through indicators of social development obtained from the World Bank, and more specifically, the Human Development Index, it is possible to obtain an approximation to the Gaddafi's legacy from a social spectrum, as well as its impact at the domestic level.

Libyan population stands out as a heterogeneous and multicultural African country, with a high level of social and cultural deveristy, with ethnic branches and traditional cultural dynamics inmersed. Hence, Libyan ethnic groups are not monolithic in influence but instead played diverse political roles. During the rule of Gaddafi, was reduced the influence of the ethnic system not only through social fragmentation, he relied increasingly on the ethnic system to consolidate his power in Libya, while at the same time, keeping in low levels of presence the power of several ethnic groups by granting economic privileges, establishing alliances based on marital ties, or by threatening punishment.

As consecuence, there was a significative change in re-building national identity of Libyan population so as cultural identity belongers to ethnic populations and ethnic groups throughout the country. Ultimately, there was a radical rupture in the social, political and economic context when the Arab Spring manifested itself in Libya and aftermath.

During 42 years under his leadership, Libya was immerse into a new rising stage of changes and restructuration in the areas of foreign policy, domestic policy, and regional ties with African and Middle Eastern countries. Search the Wayback Machine Search icon An illustration of a magnifying glass. Sign up for free Log in. It appears your browser does not have it turned on.

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