Severo ochoa biography brevet

His work in on polynucleotide phosphorylase PNPasean enzyme that catalyzes the polymerization of polyribonucleotides, led to the Nobel Prize. His contribution to deciphering the genetic code established him as a scientist at the cutting edge of molecular biology during the s.

Severo ochoa biography brevet

Severo Ochoa was born in Luarca, Spain in Ochoa returned to Spain in and began to teach physiology and biochemistry at the University of Madrid. The following year he went to London to extend his training in enzymology with H. Dudley at the National Institute for Medical Research. In Ochoa was back in Madrid, teaching at the university and further investigating the chemistry of muscle.

Before Meyerhof left, however, he ensured that his protege was not stranded, arranging for Ochoa to receive a six-month fellowship at the Marine Biological Laboratory in Plymouth, England. Although this fellowship lasted only half a year, Ochoa enjoyed his time there, not the least because his wife Carmen started working with him in the laboratory.

Their collaboration later led to the publication of a joint paper in Nature. At the end of six months, though, Ochoa had to move on, and friends at the lab found him a post as a research assistant at Oxford University. Two years later, when England entered the war, Oxford's Biochemistry Department shifted all its efforts to war research in which Ochoa, an alien, could not take part.

So in the Ochoas picked up stakes again, this severo ochoa biography brevet to cross the Atlantic to work in the laboratory of Carl Ferdinand Cori and Gerty T. Cori in St. Part of the Washington University School of Medicine, the Cori lab was renowned for its cutting edge research on enzymes and severo ochoa biography brevet with intermediary metabolism of carbohydrates.

This work involved studying the biochemical reactions in which carbohydrates produce energy for cellular operations. Ochoa worked there for a year before New York University persuaded him to move east to take a job as a research associate in medicine at the Bellevue Psychiatric Hospital, where he would for the first time have graduate and postdoctoral students working beneath him.

Two years later when the pharmacology chair retired, Ochoa was offered the opportunity to succeed him and, lured by the promise of new laboratory space, he accepted. He remained chairperson for nine years, taking a sabbatical in to serve as a visiting professor at the University of California. His administrative work did not deter him from pursuing his research interests in biochemistry, however.

In the early s, he isolated one of the chemical compounds necessary for photosynthesis to occur, triphosphopyridine nucleotide, known as TPN. Ochoa continued his interest in intermediary metabolism, expanding the work of Hans Adolf Krebs, who posited the idea of a cycle through which food is metabolized into adenosine triphosphate, or ATP, the molecule that provides energy to the cell.

The Spanish scientist discovered that one molecule of glucose when burned with oxygen produced 36 ATP molecules. When the chairman of the biochemistry department resigned inOchoa accepted this opportunity to return to the department full-time as chair and full professor. Once more ensconced in biochemistry research, Ochoa turned his attentions to a new field: the rapidly growing area of deoxyribonucleic acid DNA research.

Earlier in his career, enzymes had been the hot new molecules for biochemists to study; now, after the critical work of James Watson and Francis Crick innucleic acids were fascinating scientists in the field. Ochoa was no exception. He discovered that the complete oxidation of one molecule of glucose into carbon dioxide yields 36 molecules of ATP.

He also elucidated the mechanism of the citric acid cycle, identifying enzymes such as citrate synthase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, and malate dehydrogenase. Investigating photosynthesis, Ochoa revealed the additional role of malic enzyme in the process. He also made significant contributions to the understanding of genetics, specifically the synthesis of proteins.

Ochoa isolated the bacterial enzyme polynucleotide phosphorylase, which catalyzes the reversible synthesis of polyribonucleotides from ribonucleoside diphosphates. Through this enzyme, he synthesized RNA molecules with different combinations of nitrogenous bases, enabling him to decode the triplet code for 11 amino acids. This breakthrough paved the way for deciphering the genetic code.

For his discoveries, Ochoa shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Arthur Kornberg "for their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid. Sturtevant Horace Barker Bernard B. Brodie Detlev W. Sabin Daniel I. Arnon Earl W. Sutherland Jr. Wilson Robert H. Burris Elizabeth C.

Burton Mildred Cohn Howard L. Bachrach Paul Berg Wendell L. Henderson Vernon B. Steitz Michael E. DeBakey Theodor O. Goldstein Maurice R. Hilleman Eric R. Sperry Harland G. Boyer Daniel E. Koshland Jr. Edward B. Lewis David G. Nathan E. Evelyn Hutchinson Elvin A. Kabat Robert W. Kates Salvador Luria Paul A. Marks Folke K. Skoog Paul C.

Waelsch Thomas Eisner Elizabeth F. Andreasen Peter H. Raven Carl Woese Francisco J. Ayala George F. Bass Mario R. Capecchi Ann Graybiel Gene E. Likens Victor A. Darnell Evelyn M. Witkin J. Michael Bishop Solomon H. Snyder Charles Yanofsky Norman E. Borlaug Phillip A. Sharp Thomas E. Starzl Anthony Fauci Torsten N. Wiesel Rita R. Lefkowitz Bert W.

O'Malley Francis S. Collins Elaine Fuchs J. Craig Venter Susan L. Lindquist Stanley B. Brown G. David Tilman Teresa Woodruff. Pimentel Richard N. Zare Harry B. Marvel Frank H. Westheimer William S. Johnson Walter H. Stockmayer Max Tishler William O. Baker Konrad E. Bloch Elias J. Corey Richard B. Bernstein Melvin Calvin Rudolph A. Marcus Harden M.

Roberts Ronald Breslow Gertrude B. Elion Dudley R. Herschbach Glenn T. Seaborg Howard E. Simmons Jr. Cram Norman Hackerman George S. Hammond Thomas Cech Isabella L. Karle Norman Davidson Darleane C. Hoffman Harold S. Johnston John W. Cahn George M. Whitesides Stuart A. Rice John Ross Susan Solomon.